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| c. 1000 |
| | | The feudal knight of northern Europe, wearing armour of chain mail on a sturdy horse, becomes the fighting machine of the Middle Ages | |
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| 1040 |
| | | In a battle near Elgin Macbeth kills his cousin Duncan, a rival claimant to the Scottish throne | |
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| 1040 |
| | | The Seljuk Turks win a victory at Dandanqan, which gives them a base in the north of Iran and Afghanistan | |
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| 1054 |
| | | A Russian chronicle makes the first mention of the marauding Polovtsy, who persistently raid Russian cities from the steppes | |
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| 1057 |
| | | Duncan's son, Malcolm, kills Macbeth in battle at Lumphanan - and in the following year is himself crowned at Scone | |
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| 1066 |
| | | Harold defeats at Stamford Bridge the joint army of his brother Tostig and of the Norwegian king, Harald Hardraade | |
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| 1066 |
| | | The Normans, as seen in the Bayeux tapestry, invade England in Viking longships with fortified platforms for archers | |
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| 1071 |
| | | The Seljuk Turks and the Byzantines meet in battle at Manzikert, with victory going to the Turks | |
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| 1098 |
| | | After a siege of seven months, the city of Antioch falls to the knights of the first crusade | |
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| 1144 |
| | | The city of Edessa is captured by Zangi, a Mameluke general, in the first setback for the crusaders in the Middle East | |
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